The Thailand-Cambodia border dispute centers on the Preah Vihear Temple area, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with both countries claiming parts of the territory since colonial-era demarcations. Armed clashes have occurred intermittently since the early 2000s. Recently a ceasefire agreement mediated by the ASEAN (in presence of the USA as an observer) was broken after clashes in the Thai/Cambodian Border

Mali is currently ruled by a military junta that took power in a coup and has postponed democratic elections. This junta is closely allied with Russia, which provides it with military support. The country is in a state of severe instability and is fighting a multi-front war against two different factions: jihadist/terrorist groups (like Al-Qaeda) and separate, long-standing Tuareg-led rebel groups.

An FIR-based system, where police must register a First Information Report whenever someone alleges a cognizable offence. This automatically triggers a criminal investigation and allows arrest without a warrant in some specific cases. The threshold for filing is low, and any person can initiate it.

A probable-cause model, where police have discretion to record a complaint and can only begin criminal action or make arrests if there is probable cause and a higher evidentiary standard is applied. Prosecutors, not police, decide whether formal charges proceed.

A civil gang injunction is a restraining order sought by police against alleged gang members. It bans these people from engaging in normally legal activities eg meeting with friends in a park or wearing certain colors, being in a specific safety zone etc.

Double jeopardy refers to the principle that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime. Once someone has been acquitted or convicted of a crime, they cannot face a second trial for the same offense, even if new evidence arises.

Los Angeles is widely regarded as a sanctuary city, offering symbolic and sometimes practical protections to undocumented immigrants.

America’s government now possesses: a “golden share” in US Steel, a faded industrial icon; 10% of Intel, and minority investments in three mining companies. It could soon own a large stake in Westinghouse, a maker of nuclear reactors.

Filibustering is the legislative tactic of intentionally prolonging debate to delay, amend, or block a vote on a bill. This can involve lengthy speeches, constant motions, or procedural stalling.

The Thailand-Cambodia border dispute centers on the Preah Vihear Temple area, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with both countries claiming parts of the territory since colonial-era demarcations. Armed clashes have occurred intermitteMandir yehi Banegantly since the early 2000s. Recently a ceasefire agreement mediated by the ASEAN (in presence of the USA as an observer) was broken after clashes in the Thai/Cambodian Border

Mali is currently ruled by a military junta that took power in a coup and has postponed democratic elections. This junta is closely allied with Russia, which provides it with military support. The country is in a state of severe instability and is fighting a multi-front war against two different factions: jihadist/terrorist groups (like Al-Qaeda) and separate, long-standing Tuareg-led rebel groups.

Los Angeles is widely regarded as a sanctuary city, offering symbolic and sometimes practical protections to undocumented immigrants.

America’s government now possesses: a “golden share” in US Steel, a faded industrial icon; 10% of Intel, and minority investments in three mining companies. It could soon own a large stake in Westinghouse, a maker of nuclear reactors.

Filibustering is the legislative tactic of intentionally prolonging debate to delay, amend, or block a vote on a bill. This can involve lengthy speeches, constant motions, or procedural stalling.

Active Investing refers to strategies where a portfolio manager attempts to outperform a market benchmark (like the S&P 500) by actively selecting, timing, and trading individual stocks and bonds based on research. Passive Investing, primarily through index funds and ETFs, aims to match the returns of a market benchmark by holding the same securities in the same proportions as the index itself, involving minimal research and trading

‘Mortal salience’ refers to a state of conscious awareness of death and the inevitable conclusion of life.

Conspiracy culture refers to communities and content ecosystems that promote extreme narratives rejecting mainstream explanations.

In the 1980s and 90s, several prominent feminist theorists argued that sexual preferences reflect one’s political commitments. This led to positions such as political lesbianism (refusing sex with men), rejecting any sexual practices seen as reproducing as patriarchy, and opposing all forms of violence in sex, even when consensual.
Over the past two decades, mainstream feminist discourse has actively depoliticised sexual preferences, arguing that any consensual sexual interaction is legitimate. This includes normalising practices like BDSM, kink, rough sex, dom/sub play, porn consumption, and role play

The Economically Weaker Section (EWS) reservation scheme is applied to people who are considered socially outcast due to a lack of economic mobility. It only encompasses individuals who do not belong to any other vertically reserved category and comprises 10 percent of the total pool.

Decolonizing developmental studies refers to challenging the dominance of western developmental models, institutions, and assumptions in shaping policies for the Global South. It involves promoting locally rooted frameworks, scholars, and methods that better reflect the economic, cultural and historical realities of developing countries.

Geopolitical sorting is the trend where students and faculty base their decision to attend a university on the political and legal climate of its host state

Gifted and Talented (G&T) programs are special academic tracks in schools, where students are identified as high-achieving (often through standardized tests) and, are placed in separate, advanced classes. These classes provide a more rigorous and faster-paced curriculum than the mainstream classroom.